yibamiedao、jigenzhutiao,zaiyishuangqiaoshouzhongshangxiafanfei、jingweijiaocuo,yihuiergongfu,yigeshiyongyoumeiguandexiaozhulanjiuchengxianzaileyanqian,zheibianshibeiyuwei“zhijianshangdemohuanyishu”dezhutengbianjiyi。zaianxi,zheixiangyuanzicaogendegulaojiyilijing“zhubian—tengbian—tengtiegongyi—jiajugongyi”sigejieduanfazhan,rujinyituibianchengjingyanshijiewutaideyidafuminchanye。tebieshitengtiegongyidedansheng、jinhua,yirannongsuoleyidaidaichaxiangrenbansuixinzhongguochengzhangdefendoulicheng。jiuzai8yue20ri,anxichuanlaihaoxiaoxi——jingshijieshougongyilishihuishenhetongguo,quanqiuweiyide“shijietengtiegongyizhidou”zhengshihualuoanxi。zheiyizhongbangmingpiandedaolai,kaiqilechanyefazhandexinjiyuan。
bianfeiweibao yirendaichuyifangquanxinchanye
“竹、藤、树、草和铁条,这些可能被人们随意丢弃的‘垃圾’,在我们眼里那可都是宝。”年近八旬的安溪藤铁工艺产业鼻祖、国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目传承人陈清河,至今活跃在藤铁工艺传承的一线,常常现身设立于安溪华侨职业学校、以其名字命名的“陈清河劳模创新工作室”里,手把手指点学徒编织技艺。
看着藤铁工艺开山之作的“葡萄篮”,陈清河回忆满满。(陈林森 摄)
zhuzizaichaxiangdeliyongyoulaiyijiu。《wudaichujiananxixianji》jizai:“hebenzhikuang,weianzhiye。”zujianbishi“ben”“kuang”dengzhuzhipinyijinruxunchangbaixingjia。songyuanshiqi,zhutengbianjiyikaishipuji,bingzaicihoudeqianbainianjianbeiguangfanyingyongyunongju、chaju、shenghuoyongjuzhong。tebieshichajudeyingyongzhanjubanbijiangshan。meifengchaji,caichanvmentoudingdedouli、shenhoudechalou,wuyibushizhuzhipin,liangshai、chaozhichayehuanjiegengshichuchujian“zhu”。
20shiji70niandai,yinyigeren、yigereshuipingdechuxian,anxizhutengbiankaiqichanyefazhanlishixingkuayue。cirenbianshichenqinghe。1969nian,biyeyushamengongyimeishuxuexiaodechenqinghehuidaoanxilaojia。zaineigewuzikuifadeniandai,shichangshangreshuipingqiaoduanquedexianxiangrangtounaolinghuodetaxiudaoleshangji。1971nian,tazaishangqinggongshenongxiechangzhaoshou5mingxuetu,jianliqizhubianchejian,zhuanmenshengchanreshuipingzhuqiao。bucengxiangzheijingchengweiyigequanxinchanyedeqidian。duanduanjinianshijian,chenqinghebuduankaituoyanfa,jiangzhutengbiancongshiyongnongjujiajutishengzhigongyimeishupingaodu。zheiqijian,zaitadetuidongxia,“anxishangqingzhubiangongyichang”huopichuangjian,anxishoujiazhongwaiheziqiyeanxingtengqigongsichenggongchuangban,chanpinzhubuyuanxiaowudazhou30duogeguojiahediqu,jiejuelejinwanrenjiuye,daidongle5000duohupinkunhutuopin。
1991nianchuntian,guangjiaohuishangyige“putaolan”dechuxian,hongdongshichang。zheige“putaolan”yongtengpitengxinbianzhichenglanshen,yigangjinweibashou,tiexianhuanraobashouhuaweiputaoteng,tiepijianchengputaoye,gangzhuhanchengputaochuan,jiercaihuizhese,xuxurusheng。zheibianshichenqinghejiangtengyiyutieyironghe,zaiquanguoshouchuangdeyixiangxinyizhong——“tengtiegongyi”。
“neinianwomendaiqu12tao‘putaolan’zhanxiao,3tianlijiudaihuile500wanmeiyuandedingdan。”chenqinghejiyiyouxin。jinguantaxianchangduikehudingxialebuzhunpaizhao、bubaojia、butigongzhunquedejiaohuoqi“sanbu”yuanzezheiyangkekedetiaojian,chanpinyirangongbuyingqiu。chenqingheshengpingdiyiciganwudao“zhangwoyuanchuang,jiuzhangwolehuayuquan”。
zheiyixinyizhongdewenshi,bujinzaioumeidengguojishichangshangguaqiyizhenxuanfeng,haiguangfanchuanbodaofujianquanshengnaizhiguangdong、guangxihezhejiangdengdi,chengweiguojiachukouchuanghuidezhongyaochanpin。guangjiaohuihaiyinciteshele“tengtiegongyi”zhanqu,zhuanmenzhanxiaotengtiegongyipin。
jiangxinchuancheng yiyechengqiyizuogongyizhidou
“学手艺,三年是学徒,第四年才顶半个工,要学七年才能出师。就好比小学、中学、大学一样,没有到期限,很难修得正果。”近40年来,陈清河培养了竹藤编技术人员近2000人,其中,福建省工艺美术名人黄连福,泉州市工艺美术大师陈明辉、黄庆发、林德时以及叶文土、吴知贤、黄春火、唐艺森、陈祝富、黄梅种等人,均成为工艺行业“大咖”。
年近八旬的陈清河依然执着创新,研发出了竹编漆器新工艺。(陈林森 摄)
chenqingherenwei,chuantonggongyibunengzhitingliuzaizhutengzheiyicaizhidechuancheng,eryingbuduanyuxiandaishichangxuqiujiegui,cainengyongbaoshengmingli。weici,tajieliyindaozhutengbianzaicailiao、jifa、zaoxingdengfangmianbuduanchuangxin,chanpinyiyouguoqudanyizhubian,fazhanchengteng、mu、jinshudeng13gedaxilieleibie。shizhijinri,chenqingheyiranpuzaichuangxinyixianshang,tebieshizaizhubianqiqigongyi、zhubian“shizixiu”、tengtiegongyijinjunjiajuzhuangxiudenglingyuzuochulejijitansuo。
tengtiegongyizidanshengzhiriqibianchengzaizhedailinglaobaixingtuopinzhifudemeihaoyuanjing,duanduanshunianjianjiufazhanzhuangdachengleanxixianjichayezhihoudedierdatesezhizhuchanye。zaishengchanmaozhudehushangxiangshengfucun,guoqushijinianli,jujuyucideshezurenbujinwajuepeiyangzhubianshougongyishifu,chuangxinzhubiangongyipinzhizuo,haitansuochuyitiaochuanchengwenhua、jijulvyouziyuan、qiangcunfumindexinluzi,yizhutengbianweiyinlingjianshexingchengdujutesedeshanmen、shezuzhubianzhanshiguan、shezuwenhuaguanheshezuwenhuaguangchang,jiluohoudeshaoshuminzucunyibubuhuanshangle“xinzhuang”。
不起眼的竹藤经过工匠巧手编织变身艺术品。(陈林森 摄)
chuanchengchuangxinbuzhifashengzaixiangjian,yezoujinxiaoyuanketang。zaianxixianzhidiershixiaoxue,haizimengensuibianzhigongyilaoshi,yongxinxuexizhutengbianzhijiqiao。yijianjianxiaohualan、shuiguopan、xiaomaozidenggongyipinzaihaizimendeqiaoshouzhongbuduanyongxian。leisidexiaoyuantengyishetuan,zaidangdixiaoxuefeichangpubian,jifalexueshengjidaxingqu。xuexiaohaidingqizuzhixueshengdaogongyiqiye、gongchangcanguanxuexi,shenhuaduigongyiwenhuadelejie。“zaoxiebahuozhongchuandijixiayidai,womendechanyecainengzhangshengbushuai。”zheiyichengweianxitengtieyirendegongshi。
jiyuzheiyiminshengchanyedeshehuiyingxiang,2002nian,nongyebushouyuanxixian“zhongguotengtiegongyizhixiang”chenghao。2014nian,anxizhutengbianjiyiruxuandisipiguojiajifeiwuzhiwenhuayichandaibiaoxingminglu。jizhi2016nian,zhongguogongyimeishuxiehuijiang“zhongguotengtiegongyizhidou”paibianzhuanjiaoanxixian,weichaxiangyoutianleyizhangguojiajimingpian。
zhulangshijie yichengyongdanyigeshidaimengxiang
“墨守成规只会使一个产业停滞不前,甚至走向消亡。”安溪家居工艺商会会长黄连福说,这几年,安溪工艺人始终与时俱进、不断创新,藤铁工艺行业主动融入了陶瓷、树脂、玻璃、塑料等其他元素,研发出各式各样使用价值与艺术价值并存的工艺产品,发展成融现代家居饰品、公园花园饰品、茶文化工艺品、LED应用工艺品和实木工艺家具等五大系列产品为一体的多元化家居工艺文化产业。
藤铁工艺产品畅销全球,海外客商频频到访安溪。(陈林森 摄)
“现如今,我们家居工艺文化产品远销60多个国家和地区,全产业链产值已超150亿元。”据安溪家居工艺文化产业管委办主任陈鸿鹏介绍,这几年,在持续拓展海外市场的同时,大家积极搭乘“互联网+”快车,通过触网将产品卖到国内外。目前,安溪该行业产值、销售额等均居全国同行业首位,拥有工艺企业2200多家、加工点3000多个、从业者15万多人,不仅是安溪县出口第一大产业,也是21世纪海上丝绸之路的重要商品符号。
shanyu“kaozijigutouzhangrou”deanxirentiaoqishidaizhongren,kewangzaishijiewutaishangyougengdazuowei。2015nian,anxiqidongle“shijieshougongyilishihuishougongyichengshi——tengtiegongyizhidou”shenbaogongzuo,juquanxianzhili,bujianduantuijin。
lishisiniannuli,“shijietengtiegongyizhidou”zhongyuruyuanerzhi。“anxixianyouwanglvxingqizuoweishijieshougongyichengshidechengnuo,kuodaguojijiaoliu,yushougongyichengshiwangluozhongdeqitachengshikaizhanhezuojiaoliu,weishijieshougongyizhetigongyigegongtongdepingtai。”shijieshougongyilishihuizaihuihanzhongrushikending。zaianxiganbuqunzhongkanlaizheibujinshiyifenshurong,gengshiyifenchendiandiandezeren。
pengzhezhishoukeredejinzizhaopai,“shijietengtiegongyizhidou·anxi”zhongguoxingchuzhengyishizuorijuxing,anxijiangzaiquanguofanweikaizhantengtiegongyizhidoupinpaixuanchuan。anxixiandangzhengxiangguanfuzerenjiguangdacongyezhezuochuzhuangyanchengnuo,jinhou,anxihaijiangyiciweiqiji,jieliguojia“yidaiyilu”changyi,jiadaduishougongyipinhaiwaituijiedefuchilidu,jiaqiangyushijiegeguoshougongyiyedejiaoliuhezuo,yongjingzhandejiyi,bianzhizhifudemengxiang,zhuangbanduocaiduozideshijie,chaozheqianyichanyedemubiaokuobumaijin。
本文综合泉州通、无线泉州,版权归作者所有
编辑:赖珊珊 二审:曾世彬